Showing posts with label HISTORY. Show all posts
Showing posts with label HISTORY. Show all posts

Monday, 27 July 2015

INDIAN HISTORY - TIMELINE


3000 BC - 1500 BC: Indus Valley civilization.

563 BC:  Birth of Gautama Buddha.

527 BC to 540 BC: Birth of Mahavir, Nirvana.

327 BC to 326 BC: Alexander’s invasion of India. This invasion opened land route between Europe & Asia.

313 BC: Accession of Chandra Gupta Maurya.

305 BC: Chandragupta Maurya defeats Seleucus

273 BC - 232 BC: Ashoka’s reign.

261 BC: Kalinga war.

145 BC to 101 BC: Reign of Elara, the Chola king of Sri Lanka.

58 BC: Beginning of Vikrami era.

78 AD: Beginning of Saka era.

120 AD: Accession of Kanishka.

320 AD: Commencement of Gupta era, the golden age of Hindu India.

380 AD: Accession of Vikramaditya.

405 AD to 411 AD: Chinese traveller Fahian visits India.

415 AD: Accession of Kumara Gupta I.

455 AD: Accession of Skanda Gupta.

606 AD to 647 AD: Harshavardhan’s reign.

712 AD: First invasion in Sindh by Arabs.

836 AD: Accession of King Bhoja of Kannuj.

985 AD: Accession of Rajaraja, the Chola ruler.

998 AD: Accession of Sultan Muhammad.

1001 AD: First invasion of India by Mahmud Ghazni who defeated Jaipal, ruler of Punjab.

1025 AD: Destruction of Somanath temple by Mahmud Ghazni.

1175 AD: Muhammed Ghauri invades India.

1191 AD: First battle of Terrain between Muhammed Ghori and Prithiviraj III.  Ghori defeats Prithiviraj.

1192 AD: Second battle of Terrain.

1206 AD: Accession of Qutud-Ud-Din Aibak.

1210 AD: Death of Qutud-Ud-Din Aibak.

1221 AD:  Mangolian ruler Changez Khan invaded India.

1236 AD: Accession of Razia Sultana to the throne of Delhi.

1240 AD: Death of Razia Sultana.

1296 AD: Accession of Ala:Ud:Din Khilji.

1316 AD: Death of la:Ud:Din Khilji.

1325 Ad: Accession of Muhammad:Bin Tughlaq.

1327 AD: Shifting of capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in Deccan by the Tughlaqs.

1336 AD: Foundation of Vijayanagar empire in South.

1351 AD: Accession of Feroze Shah.

1398 AD: Timur invades India.

1451 AD: Start of Lodhi Dynasty. Bahlul Khan becomes Delhi Sultanate.

1469 AD: Birth of Guru Nanak.

1483 AD: Birth of Babur.

1494 AD: Accession of Babur in Farghana.

1498 AD: First voyage of Vasco da Gama to India.

1526 AD: First battle of Panipat; Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi, foundation of Mughal dynasty.

1527 AD: Battle of Kanwaha: Babur defeated Rana Singh.

1533 AD: Death of Babur & Accession of Humayun.

1539 AD: Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun and became India’s emperor.

1555 AD: Humayun  recaptured the throne of Delhi.

1556 AD: Second battle of Panipat.

1565 AD: Battle of Talikota.

1576 AD: Battle of Haldighati, Rana Pratap defeated by Akbar.

1582 AD: Din:e:llahi founded by Akbar.

1600 AD: East India Company formed.

1605 AD: Death of Akbar & Accession of Jahangir.

1606 AD: Execution of Guru Arjun Dev.

1611 AD: Jahangir marries Nur Jahan.

1616 AD: Sir Thomos Roe visits Jahangir.

1627 AD: Birth of Sivaji & death of Jahangir.

1628 AD: Shah Jahan becomes emperor of India.

1631 AD: Death of Mumtaz.

1634 AD: The English permitted to trade in India (East india).

1659 AD: Accession of Aurangzeb, Shah Jahan imprisoned.

1665 AD: Shivaji imprisoned by Aurangzeb.

1675 AD: Execution of Guru Teg Bahadur, he ninth Guru of Sikhs.

1680 AD: Death of Shivaji.

1707 AD: Death of Aurangzeb.

1708 AD: Death of Guru Gobind singh.

1739 AD: Nadir Shah invaded India.

1757 AD: Battle of Plassey, establishment of British rule in India at the hands of Lord Clive.

1761 AD: Third Battle of Panipat, Shah Alam II becomes India’s emperor.

1764 Ad: Battle of Buxar.

1765 AD: Clive appointed as company’s Governor in India.

1767 AD to 1769 AD: First Mysore war.

1780 AD: Birth of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

1780 AD to 1784 AD: Second Mysore war.

1784 AD: Pitt’s India act.

1790 AD: 1792 AD: Third Mysore war.

1793 AD: Permanent settlement of Bengal.

1799 AD: Fourth Mysore war. Death of Tipu Sultana.

1802 AD: Treaty of Bassein.

1809 AD: Treaty of Amristar.

1829 AD: Practice of Sati prohibited.

1830 AD: Raja Ram Mohan Roy visits England.

1833 AD: Death of Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

1839 AD: Death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

1839 AD to 1842 AD: First Afghan war.

1845 AD to 1846 AD: First Anglo:Sikh war.

1852 AD: Second Anglo Burmese war.

1853 AD: First Railway Line between Mumbai & Thane & First Telegraph line in Kolkata.

1857 AD: The Sepoy Mutiny (or) First war of Independence.

1869 AD: Birth of Rabindranath Tagore.

1869 AD: Birth of Mahatma Gandhi.

1885 AD: Foundation of Indian National Congress.

1889 AD: Birth of Jawaharlal Nehru.

1897 AD: Birth of Netaji Subash Chandra Bose.

1904 AD: Tibet Expedition.

1905 AD: First partition of Bengal under Lord Curzon. Partition of Bengal.

1906 AD: Foundation of Muslim League.

1911 AD: Delhi Darbar, King & Queen visit India. Delhi became capital of India.

1913 AD: Rabindranath Tagore wins Nobel prize.

1914 AD: World War I begins.

1916 AD: Lucknow pact signed between Muslim League & Congress.

1918 AD: World War I ends.

1919 AD: Montague: Chelmsford reforms introduced. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre at Amristar.

1920 AD: Khilafaat movement launched.

1927 AD: Boycott of Simon Commission, broadcasting started in India.

1928 AD: Death of Lala Lajput Rai.

1929 AD: Lord Irwin’s pact, resolution of complete Independence passed at Lahore congress.

1930 AD: Civil disobedience movement launched, Dandi March by Mahatma Gandhi.

1931 AD: Gandhi: Irwin Pact.

1935 AD: Government of India enacted.

1937 AD: Provincial Autonomy, congress forms ministries.

1939 AD: World War II begins.

1941 AD: Escape of Subash Chandra Bose from India, Death of Rabindranath Tagore.

1942 AD: Cripps mission arrived in India, Quit India movement launched.

1943 AD to 1944 AD: Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose forms provisional Azad Hind Fauj and Indian national Army, Bengal famine.

1945 AD: Trial of Indian National Army at Red port, Shimla conference, World War II ends.

1946 AD: British cabinet Mission visits India, interim government formed at the centre.

1947 AD: Division of India; India and Pakistan for separate independent dominions.

1948 AD: Mahatma Gandhi assassinated & integration of princely states.

Thursday, 23 July 2015

EXPLORERS AND SAILORS

Name Lived Origin Expeditions/Discoveries
Hanno 5th century BC Carthage Sailed down the West coast of Africa
Erik the Red 950 - 1002 AD Norway Explored the coast of Greenland
Leif Eriksson 11th Century AD Norway Discovered Vinland, part of North America
Marco Polo 1254 - 1324 AD Italy Travelled extensively in China and along the silk road during 1275 - 92
Ibn Battuta 1304 - 1368 AD Morocco Explored the Sahara, Arabia, India, Central Asia, China & Southeast Asia
Dinis Diaz 15th Century Portugal Discovered the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa in 1445
Bartolomeu Dias 1450 - 1500 Portugal Rounded cape of Good Hope at 1488
Vasco da Gama 1469 - 1524 Portugal Sailed around cape of Good Hope and reached India in 1498
Christopher Columbus 1450 - 1506 Italy Discovered the Americas, landed at the Bahamas on 1492, discovered the mainland of south America on 1498
John Cabot 1450 - 99 Italy Discovered the mainland North Amerca on 1497
Pedro Alvarez Cabral 1467 - 1520 Portugal Discovered the Brazil on 1500
Amerigo Vespucci 1454 - 1512 Italy Explored the coastline of South America on 1501
Alfonso de Albuquerque 1453 - 1512 Portugal Reached India via Zanzibar in 1503 - 04
Vasco Nunez de Balboa 1475 - 1519 Spain First European to navigate the Pacific ocean from Panama on 1513
Juen Ponc de Leon 1460 - 1521 Spain Discovered the Floida in 1513
Hernan Cortes 1485 - 1547 Spain Led the conquest of the Axtec empire in Mexico on 1518 - 22
Ferdinand Magellan 1480 - 1521 Portugal Explored the Philippines; partially circumnavigated the globe on 1520 - 1521
Francisco Pizarro 1475 - 1541 Spain Led the conquest of the Inca empire in Peru on 1530 - 33
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado 1510 - 1554 Spain Led the first major expedition to the southwest of the modern United States on 1540 - 1545
Garcia Lopez de Gardenas 1540 Spain Reached the Grand Canyon in 1540
Richard Chancellor 1556 England Explored the Russia via North Cap
Martin Frobisher 1535 - 94 England Reached the Frobisher Strait (Canada) while searching for the Northwest passage on 1576
Francis Drake 1540 - 96 England Circumnavigated the globe on 1580
Walter Raleigh 1552 - 1618 England Reached Virginia on 1584 while attempting to land America
Cornelis de Houtman 1565 - 69 Netherlands Started the first Dutch expedition to the East Indies
Samuel de Champlain 1567 - 1635 France Explored the St.Lawrence river on 1603, discovered Quebec on 1608
Henry Hudson 1565 - 1611 England Discovered the Hudson Bay in Canada on 1610
William Baffin 1584 - 1622 England Explored the Baffin Bay, Part of the NorthWest Passage on 1616
Abel Tasman 1603 - 1659 Netherlands Reached New Zealand & Tasmania on 1642
William Dampier 1651 - 1715 England Crossed the Pacific ocean on 1683
Vitus Bering 1681 - 1741 Denmark Explored Serbia on 1733
James Cook 1728 - 1779 Britain Mapped New Zealand & Australian coasts on 1769 & made first Australian landfall at Botany Bay, New Southwales on 1770 
James Bruce 1730 - 1794 Britain Explord the Blue Nile & found the source of Nile on 1768
Antoine Brunei dÉntrecasteaux 1739 - 1793 France Surveyed the South Pacific on 1791 - 1793
Mungo Park 1771 - 1806 Britain Explored the Niger river on 1795
George Bass 1771 - 1803 Britain Explored the coastline of southeastern peninsula on 1795
Friedrich Alexander Von Humboldt 1769 - 1859 Germany Explored the Venezuala river & the Orinoco river on 1799.
Matthew Flinders 1774 - 1814 Britain Sailed around Australia on 1801
Meriwether Lewis 1774 - 1809 USA First to complete the transcontinental expedition across the United Sataes
Alexander Gordon Laing 1793 - 1826 Britain First European to reach Timbuktu, in Mali on 1826
David Livingstone 1813 - 1873 Britain Discovered the Vistoria falls on the Zambezi river on 1855
Robert O'Hara Burke 1820 - 1861 Ireland Led an ill-fated expedition to explore the Australian interior on 1860 - 61
Richard Francis Burton 1821 - 1890 Britain Travelled in Arabia & reached Medina and Mecca on 1853
Henry Morton Stanley 1841 - 1904 Britain Undertook voyages down the Congo on 1874
Fridtjof Nansen 1861 - 1930 Norway Crossed the Greenland on 1888
Aurel Stein 1862 - 1943 Hungary Explored central asia & located an ancient complex at Dunhuang
Francis Younghusband 1863 - 1942 Britain Led an expedition which reached Lhasa in Tibet on 1903 - 04
Sven Hedin 1865 - 1952 Sweden Explored central asia & discovered lost cities in the Taklamakan desert on 1893 - 97
Wilfried Thesiger 1910 - 2003 Britain Interpid traveller who crossed the Empty quarter of Arabia
Willem Barentsz 1550 - 1597 Netherlands Searched for the Northeast passage on 1594 - 97
Fabian Von Bellingshausen 1778 - 1852 Estonia Early eplorer of the Antartic on 1819 - 1821
Otto Nordenskjold 1869 - 1928 Sweden Spent the winter in Antartica on 1901 - 03
Ronald Amundsen 1872 - 1928 Norway First man to reach south pole on 1911
Vivian Fuchs 1908 - 1999 Britain Completed the first land crossing of the Antartic continent

Wednesday, 22 July 2015

SULTANATE OF DELHI

Dynasty Period
The Slave Dynasty 1206 AD - 1290 AD
The Khilji Dynasty 1290 AD - 1320 AD
The Tughlaq Dynasty 1320 AD - 1414 AD
The Syyid Dynasty 1414 AD - 1451 AD
The Lodhi Dynasty 1451 AD - 1526 AD

NINE GEMS ON THE COURT OF CHANDRAGUPTA II

S. No Name  Contribution Famous work
1 Kshapanka Astrology Jyothisyashastra
2 Dhanvantri Medicine Ayurveda
3 Kalidasa Drama & Poetry Shakunta & Meghaduta
4 Amarasimha Lexicography Amarakosha
5 Varahamihira Astrology Brihadsamhita
6 Vararuchi Grammar Vyakarana
7 Sanku Architecture Shilpashastra
8 Vetalabatia Magic Mantrashastra
9 Harisen Poet Surya siddanta

Tuesday, 21 July 2015

VICEROYS OF INDIA

Viceroys of India
Lord Canning 1858 - 1862 
Lord Elgin 1862  - 1863 
Sir John Lawrence 1864  - 1869 
Lord Mayo 1869 - 1872
Lord Northbrook 1872 - 1876
Lord Lytton 1876 - 1880
Lord Ripon 1880 - 1884
Lord Dufferin 1884 - 1888
Lord Lansdowne 1888 - 1894
Lord Elgin II 1894 - 1899
Lord Curzon 1899 - 1905
Lord Minto II 1905 - 1910
Lord Hardinge II 1910 - 1916
Lord Chelmsford 1916 - 1922
Lord Reading 1922 - 1926
Lord Irwin 1926 - 1931
Lord Willingdon 1931 - 1936
Lord Linlithgow 1936 - 1943
Lord Wavell 1944 - 1947
Lord Mountbatten 1947 - 1948

Monday, 20 July 2015

GOVERNOR GENERALS OF INDIA

Governor Generals Of India
Warren Hastings 1772  - 1785 
Lord Cornwallis 1786  - 1793 
Lord Wellesley 1798  - 1805 
Lord William Bentinck 1828  - 1835 
Sir Charles Metcalfe 1836  - 1844 
Lord Hardinge 1844  - 1848 
Lord Dalhousie 1848  - 1856